Summary: Sex differences in neurological disorders like Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, and ADHD may stem from how histamine affects dopamine in the brain. A new mouse study reveals that histamine decreases dopamine in males but increases it in females, with the female response influenced by the estrous cycle. Researchers also uncovered that the pathways through which histamine regulates dopamine differ between sexes. These findings suggest that personalized treatments targeting histamine receptors by sex could better address dopamine dysregulation in these conditions.