Over the past three decades, A.D.H.D. diagnoses in the U.S. have been climbing steadily, and so have prescriptions for the medication to manage the symptoms. As the field booms, some longtime researchers are starting to question whether much of the fundamental thinking around how we identify and treat the disorder is wrong. Paul Tough, a contributing writer for The New York Times Magazine, explains.

Key Point: In most of the studies, researchers found only modest improvements in insomnia severity, while one study noted that combining melatonin and CBT-I improved symptoms more than a CBT-I intervention on its own.

Key Takeaways: ADHD in children increases the risk of developing bipolar disorder, with overlapping genetic factors potentially contributing to this comorbidity. Differentiating ADHD from bipolar disorder involves recognizing episodic patterns, as ADHD symptoms are constant, while bipolar symptoms occur in discrete episodes. Recent studies suggest methylphenidate may be safe for treating ADHD in bipolar patients without mood stabilizers, but amphetamines' safety remains uncertain. Further research is needed to clarify the safety and efficacy of amphetamine use in patients with comorbid ADHD and bipolar disorder.

A recent systematic review and network meta-analysis assessed the cardiovascular effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications across children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD. The authors conclude that while changes in cardiovascular parameters were generally small, prescribers should routinely monitor patients during treatment.

[Excerpt] When comparing a group of 12- to 18-year-olds with schizophrenia, a group with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),3 and a control group for 25 years, the following was found: The cognitive deficits associated with psychosis may superficially resemble ADHD but have a different longitudinal trajectory.

Researchers have developed an innovative new nanopore sequencing assay to identify carriers of fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading cause of monogenic autism spectrum disorder and inherited intellectual disabilities. The study in The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, published by Elsevier, addresses the urgent need for a screening tool to identify carriers of FXS in a more comprehensive, faster, efficient, and cost-effective way compared to current methods, for better informed genetic counseling.

If your child has attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and also struggles with bladder control or toileting issues, you're not alone. Many parents are surprised to learn that these challenges often go hand-in-hand. The good news? There are clear reasons behind the connection—and even better, there are practical steps you can take to help your child feel more confident and in control.

Parent worries about fractured relationship between teen brother and his younger sibling with ADHD.

Sarah Paquin tells PEOPLE that her if her son had taken the medicine, "it would have been devastating"