Groundbreaking research by ADHD pioneer William E. Pelham, Jr., who passed away last year, found that behavioral therapy – when used first – was less expensive and more effective than medication in treating children with ADHD. Building on this foundation, a new study by Pelham's team at the FIU Center for Children and Families, published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, sought to explore whether adding medication to the initial behavioral therapy—known to be the most effective first-step treatment—would improve outcomes.