Each fall, Dr. Emi Furukawa, Group Leader of OIST's Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit and Children's Research Center, attends the European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders' (EUNETHYDIS) annual meeting, a conference that links a vast network of ADHD researchers, most of whom are based in Europe. Last year, Professor Gail Tripp, head of the unit, presented their experimental findings on how children in Japan, the United States, and New Zealand react to punishment. It spawned a discussion regarding the need to adapt ADHD interventions to diverse cultural characteristics.