"In line with extensive preclinical data, we provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that methylphenidate treatment during a specific period of maturation alters the cerebral blood flow response, likely reflecting increased dopamine neurotransmission due to neurochemical imprinting by methylphenidate," the authors, led by Liesbeth Reneman, MD, PhD, Brain Imaging Center at the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, report."In the short term, these alterations do not induce major benefits or harm regarding clinical improvement, but the long-term consequences remain to be established," they add.