To determine the risk-benefit ratio of the long term use of ADHD medication, Noa Tsujii, MD, PhD, of the department of neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan, and colleagues used the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to identify studies that compared the outcomes of discontinuing versus continuing medication in patients with ADHD.