Children with ADHD, autism and other comorbid neurodevelopmental diagnoses who had well-controlled ADHD medication use for 1 year had improved cognitive test scores and ADHD symptoms, according to a Journal of Psychiatric Research study. “Numerous studies have documented efficacy of ADHD medication on core symptoms in the short term, but effects on cognitive development and long-term outcome are less well known,” Mats Johnson, MD, PhD, of University of Gothenburg’s Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Center in Sweden, and colleagues wrote.