Theresa R. Cerulli, MD: The neuroscience of ADHD is fascinating...The neuroscience of ADHD, I’ll break it into 4 categories. Think about the genetics, the neuroanatomy, the neural networks, and neurotransmitters that are involved. We know that these objective measures have shown that there are differences in those 4 areas between children and adults with ADHD and children and adults without ADHD.